JOURNAL of Soil Biology and Ecology

Abundance of plant parasitic nematodes in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Authors: N. UMASHANKAR KUMAR AND N.G. RAVICHANDRA

Abstract:

Various plant-parasitic nematodes are attacked by black pepper, causing the wilt complex. Soil and root samples were collected from a survey in three taluks of the Coorg district and were analyzed. A total of five important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded from the rhizosphere of black pepper. Plant-parasitic nematodes viz., R. similis, M. incognita, P. coffeae, H. multicinctus, R. reniformis and other parasitic and free-living nematodes were recorded. The highest nematode population was recorded in Somavarpet taluk (28242), followed by Virajapet (26046) and Madikeri (25634) per 200 cc soil and 5 g roots, also recording wilt complex incidence of 35.12 per cent, 30.94 per cent and 29.31 per cent respectively. In Somavarpet taluk, maximum wilt incidence was recorded in Kirkodli (44.50 %), followed by Koothi (38.50 %) and Abbimata (38.25 %), with a total nematode population of 3884, 4158 and 4138 nematodes per 200 cc soil, respectively. However, the lowest incidence was recorded in Honnekodi (25.50 %), followed by Doddakodi (28.65 %). In Madikeri taluk, maximum wilt complex incidence was recorded in Paluru (39.61 %) followed by Made and Sampaje (37.10 %) with 4164, 3790 and 4732 nematodes per 200 cc soil, respectively. However, the lowest wilt complex incidence was recorded in Biligere (16.22 %) and Kiggalu (16.88 %), with nematode populations 1260 and 2534 per 200 cc soil.

References:

Anonymous, 2022.Area production and productivity of black pepper, www.icpnet.org.

Abraham Jose, Anandaraj, M., Ramana, K. V. and Sarma, Y. R., 1996. A simple method for indexing Phytophthora foot rot disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). J. Spi. Arom. Cr.,, 5 (1):68- 71.

Aravind, R., Kumar, A., Dinu, A. and Eapen, S. J., 2011.Single tube duplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis infecting black pepper (Piper nigrum). Indian Phytopathol., 64 (4): 353-357.

Ayoub, S. M., 1977.Plant Nematology on agricultural training aid. Nema Aid publ., sacramento, Calif., 199 pp.

Balakrishnan, R., Anandaraj, M., Nambiar, K. K. N., Sarma, Y. R., Brahma, R. N. and George, M. V., 1986. Estimates on the Extent of Loss Due to quick Wilt Disease of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Calicut District of Kerala. J. Plantation Crops, 14(1): 15-18.

Jahagirdar, S., 1998. Etiology and management of foot rot of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, pp.170.

Koshy, P. K., Santhosh, J., Eapen, S. J. and Pandey, R., 2005. Nematode parasites of spices, condiments and medicinal plant. In: Plant parasitic nematode in subtropical and tropical agriculture (Luc, M., Sikora, R.A. and Bridge, J., eds). CAB International, Wallingford, UK: Pp. 751-792.

Rashid P. and Eaphen, S.J., 2014. Nematodes: the hidden enemies of black pepper. Indian J. Are. Spi. Med. Pl., 16 (4): 38-40

Sarma, Y. R., Anandaraj, M. and Ramana, K. V. 1992. Present status of black pepper diseases in India and their management. In: Proceedings of an international workshop on black pepper diseases, Bander Lampung Indonesia. Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, Indonesia: Pp. 67-68.

Seinhorst, J.W., 1966. Killing nematodes for taxonomic study with hot FAA4:1, Nematologica, 12: 178.

Sowmya, D.M., 2015. Studies on root knot and wilt complex in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) caused by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and Fusarium solani L. M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, India, 124pp.

Tsao, P.H., Sarma, Y.R., Kasim, R., Mustika, I. and Kueh, T. K., 1985. Variation in Phytophthora palmivora MF4 (P. capsici) isolates from black pepper in India, Indonesia and Malaysia. Phytopathol., 75: 1315 (Abstr.)

Venkitesan, T. S., 1976. Studies on the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Throne, 1949 on Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its role in slow wilt disease. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India, 122pp.